ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to offer a trajectory of the factors that determine that Mexican heads of families decide to participate in the most visible informal microenterprise sector;before and during COVID-19. The data from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) and prepared by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) of Mexico have been used and a Heckit model has been applied for its treatment and analysis. The findings show that income is the main cause of the informal economy of the heads of family, thus confirming the choice as a solution to economic difficulties. In addition, it is shown that there is a labor supply that excludes the demand with a higher educational level. In addition, informal enterprises are identified by higher remuneration for time spent, flexibility and reduction in working time, participation of more household members, and lower remuneration for women.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic is expeditiously stirring the global economy. The impact of this pandemic has implications on the sustenance of industries worldwide. This study investigates the influence of various endogenous and exogenous factors affecting e-wallet adoption among micro entrepreneurs in India. A sample of 287 micro enterprises were identified in NCR (National Capital Region) region on the basis of random sampling. Structured questionnaires were administered to the respondents. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data with the help of Smart PLS 3. The main findings of the study show that self-belief, personal innovativeness, and satisfaction are the key indicators affecting the e-wallet adoption among the microentrepreneurs. Microentrepreneurs contribute greatly to economic development in developed and developing nations. Digitalisation of this segment of industry can turn India into a cashless country, thereby reducing the cash burden of the economy. Microentrepreneurs can also act as a catalyst for financial inclusion.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo de esta investigación es ofrecer una trayectoria de los factores que determinan que los jefes de familia mexicanos decidan participar en el sector microempresarial informal más visible;antes y durante COVID-19. Se han utilizado los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) y elaborada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) de México. Para su tratamiento y análisis se ha aplicado un modelo de Heckit. Los hallazgos muestran que los ingresos son la causa principal a la economía informal de los jefes de familia, confirmando así la elección como solución de las dificultades económicas. Además, se demuestra que existe una oferta laboral que excluye a la demanda con mayor nivel educativo. Y, los emprendimientos informales se identifican por una mayor remuneración por el tiempo empleado, flexibilidad y disminución del tiempo de trabajo, participación de más miembros del hogar y una menor retribución a las mujeres The objective of this research is to offer a trajectory of the factors that determine that Mexican heads of families decide to participate in the most visible informal microenterprise sector;before and during COVID-19. The data from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) and prepared by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) of Mexico have been used and a Heckit model has been applied for its treatment and analysis. The findings show that income is the main cause of the informal economy of the heads of family, thus confirming the choice as a solution to economic difficulties. In addition, it is shown that there is a labor supply that excludes the demand with a higher educational level. In addition, informal enterprises are identified by higher remuneration for time spent, flexibility and reduction in working time, participation of more household members, and lower remuneration for women
ABSTRACT
Pandemic COVID-19 has changed the business landscape dramatically. Many large business and corporate sectors are able to adapt to the change but the micro-entrepreneurs continue their struggling to adapt to the change. Due to the movement restrictions while battling with COVID-19, businesses are forced to switch from conventional brick-and-mortar business to digital business application involving developing their own e-commerce sites. The emerging social media in society provides opportunity for the micro-enterprises to virtually engage with their customers. The social media has now become one of the important business tools for marketing, branding, networking and developing the business strategy. Despite of the active social media involvement among the micro-entrepreneurs, the outcome of the social media activities is still at its infancy. Micro-entrepreneurs especially the Bumiputeras have still not fully utilized the social media as their business tool. Micro-entrepreneurs lack the knowledge on how to interpret the social media platform analysis tools such as site traffic, post engagement, post impressions and others. Therefore, it is necessary to further study of degree social media adoption among the Bumiputera micro-entrepreneurs and how it affects the business performance. A quantitative method is proposed for this study by considering the existing UTAUT variables like performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions. This paper proposes a conceptual research model based on the underpinning theory and aim to measure the outcome from adoption of social media on Bumiputera micro-entrepreneurs' business performance. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
There is limited information on the academic performance obtained by teaching through an i4.0 educational system. Therefore, this article aims to close the gap by presenting the existing literature and the quantitative results obtained from the evaluations and surveys made to micro-entrepreneurs with little knowledge ofdigital technologies, and in many cases with different levels of education, who have been trained during theCOVID-19 pandemic, between August and December 2020. The business training program used an i4.0 educational system based on IoT, the cloud, social networks and web services. Theresultsshowedthat the participants achieved a satisfactory academic performance and met the objectives of the training programin business-related topics. Likewise, the results established that the academic performance of the student in a business training program through an i4.0 system is not directly related to the student's previous educational level. © Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade. All rights reserved